La vendita allo scoperto per Shell dà agli investitori un'idea del grado in cui gli investitori stanno scommettendo sul declino delle azioni di Shell. I dati relativi alle vendite allo scoperto vengono aggiornati ogni due settimane.

Shell (OTC:RYDAF) Azioni, Report sulle vendite allo scoperto

Shell is an integrated oil and gas company that explores for, produces, and refines oil around the world. In 2023, it produced 1.5 million barrels of liquids and 7.3 billion cubic feet of natural gas per day. At end-2023, reserves stood at 9.6 billion barrels of oil equivalent, 49% of which, consisted of liquids. Its production and reserves are in Europe, Asia, Oceania, Africa, and North and South America. The company operates refineries with capacity of 1.6 mmb/d located in the Americas, Asia, Africa, and Europe and sells about 12 million tons per year of chemicals. Its largest chemical plants, often integrated with its local refineries, are in Central Europe, China, Singapore, and North America.

Shell PLC

<ul>
<li>Exxon Mobil Corp&nbsp;(NYSE: <a class="ticker" href="https://www.benzinga.com/stock/xom#NYSE">XOM</a>) would wind down oil production in Equatorial Guinea and leave the West African country after its license expired in 2026.</li>
<li>The exit reflected a broader move by major oil producers to reduce crude production in West Africa for lower-carbon natural gas development and more lucrative projects in the Americas, Reuters&nbsp;<a class="editor-rtfLink" href="https://www.reuters.com/business/energy/exxon-exit-equatorial-guinea-amid-wider-africa-crude-phaseout-2022-11-28/" style="color:#4a6ee0; background:transparent; margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt" target="_blank">reports</a>.</li>
<li>&quot;It is a high-cost region where carbon emissions are a problem as well,&quot; said Gail Anderson at energy consultants Wood Mackenzie.</li>
<li>Exxon has cut its output in the country to less than 15,000 barrels of oil per day (bpd) through the&nbsp;<a class="editor-rtfLink" href="https://www.benzinga.com/m-a/22/11/29653117/australias-origin-energy-bags-10b-takeover-offer" style="color:#4a6ee0; background:transparent; margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt" target="_blank">existing production unit Serpentina</a>.&nbsp;</li>
<li>This year, it evacuated staff from the offshore production platform Zafiro due to water entering the aging vessel.</li>
<li>Europe, which has been looking for alternative oil suppliers after sanctions on Russia this year, is the leading destination for Equatorial Guinea&#39;s oil exports.</li>
<li>Africa struggled to meet OPEC quotas due to the lack of investments in crude production.</li>
<li>Foreign oil producers&nbsp;Chevron Corp&nbsp;(NYSE:&nbsp;<a class="editor-rtfLink" href="https://www.benzinga.com/stock/cvx#NYSE" style="color:#4a6ee0; background:transparent; margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt" target="_blank">CVX</a>),&nbsp;Shell Plc&nbsp;(OTC:&nbsp;<a class="editor-rtfLink" href="https://www.benzinga.com/stock/rydaf#OTC" style="color:#4a6ee0; background:transparent; margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt" target="_blank">RYDAF</a>), and Exxon have retreated from Nigeria due to rampant levels of oil theft, selling their assets primarily to local companies.</li>
<li>As crude output in West Africa shrinks, production in the Americas will likely grow to 28 million bpd next year, up 2.3 million bpd from pre-pandemic levels, OPEC estimates show. Much of the increase comes from the U.S., Canada, Guyana, and Brazil, some places&nbsp;<a class="editor-rtfLink" href="https://www.benzinga.com/news/22/05/27413724/venture-global-secretly-started-constructing-13b-lng-plant-on-us-gulf-coast" style="color:#4a6ee0; background:transparent; margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt" target="_blank">where Exxon has increased spending on oil output</a>.</li>
<li>While crude oil production wanes in West Africa, the continent&#39;s liquefied natural gas (LNG) future is rising, and fossil&nbsp;<a class="editor-rtfLink" href="https://www.benzinga.com/pressreleases/22/11/b29692298/coral-south-project-in-mozambique-ships-first-lng-cargo-helps-meet-global-demand" style="color:#4a6ee0; background:transparent; margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt" target="_blank">fuel output could grow elsewhere in Africa</a>.</li>
<li>Price Action:&nbsp;XOM shares traded higher by 1.55% at $111.51 in the premarket on the last check Tuesday.</li>
</ul>

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RYDAF

Exxon To Leave Equatorial Guinea For Plum Projects In America

Europe has a big landmass with enough untapped capacity to replenish the natural gas it is currently <a href="https://www.benzinga.com/news/22/10/29167123/eu-countries-including-poland-greece-italy-draft-new-proposal-for-eu-gas-dynamic-price-corridor-for">running out </a>of due to the crisis brought on by Vladimir Putin&#39;s war in Ukraine but is unable to do so because its hands are tied.
What Happened: The sprawling Groningen field, beneath the windmill-dotted marshlands of the Netherlands, is Europe&rsquo;s largest natural gas reserve. It holds enough fuel to replace what Germany once imported from Russia, <a href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-10-06/dutch-close-europe-s-biggest-gas-field-despite-energy-crisis#xj4y7vzkg">reported&nbsp;</a>Bloomberg.
See Also:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.benzinga.com/news/22/10/29209358/putin-warns-of-severe-response-if-terrorist-attacks-continue-as-russia-aggravates-attacks-on-ukraine">Putin Threatens More &#39;Severe&#39; Response If Ukrainian &#39;Terrorist Attacks&#39; Continue As Russia Aggravates Strikes</a>
However, instead of supporting Europe, perhaps in its most brutal winter, the field is in the process of shutting down because of tremors. The report noted that drilling has caused many earthquakes in the area, and if the Dutch officials decide to continue with it, they are prone to backlash from residents for breaking promises.
Check out more of Benzinga&#39;s Europe and Asia coverage by&nbsp;<a href="https://www.benzinga.com/topic/eurasia">following</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://www.benzinga.com/topic/eurasia">this link</a>.
Groningen field has been the mainstay of Europe&#39;s gas supplies since the 1960s. And even half-century later, there&#39;s still about 450 billion cubic meters of extractable gas in reserve &mdash; worth around $1 trillion, said the report.
According to Shell Plc (OTC: <a class="ticker" href="https://www.benzinga.com/stock/rydaf#OTC">RYDAF</a>), one of the two major partners involved in operating the field, there&#39;s more capacity to extract around 50 billion cubic meters per year than is currently flowing.
Dutch mining minister Hans Vijlbrief noted that it would be dangerous to keep producing, but the suffering elsewhere in Europe can&#39;t be ignored either. A lack of gas &quot;could force us to make that decision,&quot; he said, adding that if hospitals, schools, and homes can&#39;t be adequately heated, it could lead to a safety issue.
Read Next:<a href="https://www.benzinga.com/trading-ideas/long-ideas/22/10/29206747/paul-tudor-jones-says-russia-ukraine-war-likely-to-end-with-violent-death-of-putin-heres" target="_blank">&nbsp;Paul Tudor Jones Says Russia-Ukraine War Likely To End With &#39;Violent Death&#39; Of Putin: Here&#39;s What It Means For The Markets</a>

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Global

Why Europe Can't Use Its Largest Gas Field To Dodge Putin's Supply Cuts

<ul>
<li>Hyundai Motor Company&nbsp;(OTC: <a class="ticker" href="https://www.benzinga.com/stock/hymtf#OTC">HYMTF</a>) announced Hyundai Motor North America (HMNA)&nbsp;<a class="editor-rtfLink" href="https://www.benzinga.com/pressreleases/21/10/n23299505/hyundai-announces-agreement-with-shell-for-hydrogen-infrastructure-development" style="background-image:initial; background-position:initial; background-size:initial; background-repeat:initial; background-attachment:initial; background-origin:initial; background-clip:initial; margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; color:#4a6ee0" target="_blank">has partnered with&nbsp;&nbsp;Equilon Enterprises LLC</a>&nbsp;(Shell Hydrogen) to encourage the growth of hydrogen refueling infrastructure in California.</li>
<li>The agreement, known as Project Neptune, supports Shell Hydrogen&#39;s construction of 48 additional and two upgraded hydrogen refueling stations across California beginning in 2021.</li>
<li>As its part, Hyundai has committed to fueling cell vehicle sales growth, supporting the expanding hydrogen infrastructure.</li>
<li>The new hydrogen stations will be partially funded by public funds from the California Energy Commission (CEC).&nbsp;</li>
<li>In March 2021, Hyundai signed a new five-year Global Business Cooperation Agreement with&nbsp;Royal Dutch Shell plc&nbsp;(OTC: <a class="ticker" href="https://www.benzinga.com/stock/rydaf#OTC">RYDAF</a>) to expand collaboration on clean energy solutions.</li>
<li>Price Action:&nbsp;HYMTF shares are trading unchanged at $40.00 on the last check Friday.</li>
</ul>

HYMTF

Hyundai Joins Shell's 'Project Neptune' For Hydrogen Infrastructure Development

The Colonial Pipeline Co. said Saturday that it has returned its service to normal operations.
What Happened:&nbsp;The Colonial Pipeline Co. announced on&nbsp;<a href="https://twitter.com/Colpipe/status/1393529174598504454" target="_blank">Twitter</a>&nbsp;that it had returned to normal operations days after it restarted its pipeline following last week&#39;s ransomware attack.&nbsp;
Gasoline shortages along the U.S. East Coast have begun to ease slightly as the company starts delivering &quot;millions of gallons per hour,&quot; and ships and trucks have been deployed to fill up dry storage tanks.&nbsp;
The company had&nbsp;<a href="https://www.benzinga.com/news/21/05/21023854/major-energy-pipeline-to-us-east-coast-shut-down-after-cyberattack" target="_blank">halted</a>&nbsp;all pipeline operations after learning about the cyberattack. The six-day pipeline shutdown triggered widespread panic-buying by U.S. motorists that left filling stations across the U.S. Southeast out of gas.
According to GasBuddy, 80% of gas stations in Washington, D.C. were without fuel on Saturday afternoon, an improvement from 88% late Friday. Also, more than 13,400 gas stations surveyed in the east and south were experiencing outages on Saturday, down from 16,200 early on Friday.
Ships deployed under emergency waivers were moving fuel from U.S. Gulf Coast refiners to the northeast. Also, 18-wheel tanker trunks were ferrying gasoline from Alabama to Virginia, helping to ease the shortages.
On Friday, The&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/web-site-of-darkside-hacking-group-linked-to-colonial-pipeline-attack-is-down-11621001688" target="_blank">Wall Street Journal</a>&nbsp;reported that the hacker group named DarkSide, which took responsibility for the pipeline ransomware attack, said it planned to disband following pressure from the U.S. and investigations by law enforcement agencies.
<a href="https://www.benzinga.com/markets/cryptocurrency/21/05/21108951/colonial-pipeline-paid-ransomware-hackers-5m-in-cryptocurrency-report" target="_blank">Last week</a>, Colonial Pipeline Co. reportedly paid nearly $5 million in untraceable cryptocurrency to bring an end to to the ransomware disruption.&nbsp;
Why It Matters:&nbsp;The pipeline outage accelerated increases in gasoline prices that were &quot;already rising due to higher crude prices and demand ahead of Memorial Day,&quot;&nbsp;<a href="https://www.reuters.com/business/energy/massive-replenishment-begins-ease-us-fuel-shortages-2021-05-15/" target="_blank">Reuters</a>&nbsp;quoted AAA spokeswoman Ellen Edmonds as saying.&nbsp;
However, as of today, U.S. gasoline demand has dropped 12.6% from the previous week, probably as panic-buying eases up.
U.S. crude prices could edge higher as refiners process more oil to catch up from gasoline storage that was drawn down while the pipeline was shuttered.&nbsp;
Colonial Pipeline is the biggest gasoline pipeline in the U.S. The company&#39;s pipeline transports 2.5 million barrels each day, taking refined gasoline, diesel fuel&nbsp;and jet fuel from the Gulf Coast up to New York Harbor through 5,500 miles of pipelines.
Colonial Pipeline is a private company owned by CDPQ Colonial Partners, LP; IFM (U.S.) Colonial Pipeline 2, LLC; KKR-Keats Pipeline Investors, L.P.; Koch Capital Investments Company, LLC; and Shell Midstream Operating, LLC.
Publicly traded parent companies involved in that ownership structure include&nbsp;private equity giant&nbsp;KKR &amp; Co&nbsp;(NYSE: <a class="ticker" href="https://www.benzinga.com/stock/kkr#NYSE">KKR</a>) and&nbsp;Royal Dutch Shell Plc&nbsp;(OTC: <a class="ticker" href="https://www.benzinga.com/stock/rydaf#OTC">RYDAF</a>).
Image:&nbsp;Marathon Petroleum

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Fuel Crisis Eases As Colonial Pipeline Returns To Normal After Ransomware Attack

Colonial Pipeline Co. paid nearly $5 million in untraceable cryptocurrency to the ransomware who shut down the nation&rsquo;s largest fuel pipeline, <a href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-05-13/colonial-pipeline-paid-hackers-nearly-5-million-in-ransom?srnd=code-wars">according to a Bloomberg report</a> sourcing &ldquo;two people familiar with the transaction.&rdquo;
What Happened: The payment was made on May 7, the day after the ransomware attack took place. Upon receiving their ransom, the hackers provided the decrypting tool needed to restore the Colonial Pipeline computer network that became imprisoned within their ransomware. However, the tool was reportedly so slow in working that the company used its own backups to speed the restoration of the system, according to Bloomberg.
The news of the ransom payment contradicts media reports that said the company had no plans to negotiate with the hackers, who have been identified by the FBI as members of DarkSide, a digital extortionist operation believed to be located in Russia or Eastern Europe.
Related Link: <a href="https://www.benzinga.com/trading-ideas/long-ideas/21/05/21086422/3-etfs-to-play-a-potential-energy-crisis">3 ETFs To Play A Potential Energy Crisis</a>
Why It Matters: According to the investigators, the hackers took nearly 100 gigabytes of data from the Alpharetta, Georgia-based company&#39;s network in a two-hour operation. Colonial Pipeline halted its operations upon learning of the hack, which resulted in fuel shortages along the East Coast.
Although the FBI has encouraged companies not to pay ransom to hackers, Deputy National Security Advisor Anne Neuberger told reporters earlier this week that &ldquo;companies are often in a difficult position if their data is encrypted and they do not have backups and cannot recover the data.&rdquo;
Colonial Pipeline is a private company owned by CDPQ Colonial Partners, LP; IFM (US) Colonial Pipeline 2, LLC; KKR-Keats Pipeline Investors, LP; Koch Capital Investments Company, LLC; and Shell Midstream Operating, LLC. Publicly traded parent companies in that mix include private equity giant KKR &amp; Co. (NYSE: <a class="ticker" href="https://www.benzinga.com/stock/kkr#NYSE">KKR</a>) and Royal Dutch Shell Plc (OTC: <a class="ticker" href="https://www.benzinga.com/stock/rydaf#OTC">RYDAF</a>).
(Illustration by Mohamed Hassan / Pixabay.)

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Cryptocurrency

Colonial Pipeline Paid Ransomware Hackers $5M In Cryptocurrency: Report

Investigators are looking at a group of hackers called DarkSide, who seem&nbsp;to be behind the cyberattack on Colonial Pipeline, which temporarily halted its pipeline operations on Friday.
What Happened:&nbsp;The cyberattack that led to the shutdown began on Thursday. The attackers stole a large amount of data from Colonial Pipeline before locking computers with ransomware and demanding payment,&nbsp;<a href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-05-09/colonial-hackers-stole-data-thursday-ahead-of-pipeline-shutdown?sref=TBDibEcD" target="_blank">Bloomberg</a>&nbsp;reports, citing people familiar with the matter.
Ransomware is a type of malware designed to lock down systems by encrypting data, with the attackers then demanding payment to regain access.
According to the investigators, the hackers took nearly 100 gigabytes of data from the Alpharetta, a Georgia-based company&#39;s network&nbsp;in two hours on Thursday.&nbsp;
Bloomberg quoted people familiar with the investigation saying that the move was part of a double-extortion scheme. Besides threatening to keep the company&rsquo;s information locked, hackers also threatened to leak the data to the internet unless they are paid a ransom.
Colonial Pipeline took specific systems offline on Friday and temporarily&nbsp;<a href="https://www.benzinga.com/news/21/05/21023854/major-energy-pipeline-to-us-east-coast-shut-down-after-cyberattack" target="_blank">halted</a>&nbsp;all pipeline operations after learning about the cyberattack.&nbsp;
Colonial would not say when it plans to reopen the pipeline, <a href="https://www.reuters.com/business/energy/top-us-fuel-pipeline-operator-pushes-recover-cyberattack-2021-05-09/">Reuters</a> reported today.&nbsp;
On Saturday, U.S. President Joe Biden was briefed on the incident, a White House spokesperson said, adding that the government is helping the company restore operations and prevent supply disruptions.
The Department of Energy said it is monitoring potential impacts to the nation&#39;s energy supply.&nbsp;
&quot;A shutdown lasting four or five days, for example, could lead to sporadic outages at fuel terminals along the U.S. East Coast that depend on the pipeline for deliveries,&quot; Reuters quoted Andrew Lipow, president of consultancy Lipow Oil Associates, as saying.
Why It Matters:&nbsp;Colonial Pipeline is the biggest gasoline pipeline in the U.S., and the disruption could affect gasoline and diesel fuel supplies.
The company&#39;s pipeline transports 2.5 million barrels each day, taking refined gasoline, diesel fuel&nbsp;and jet fuel from the Gulf Coast up to New York Harbor through 5,500 miles of pipelines.
The&nbsp;shutdown is already hinting towards a spike in gasoline and diesel prices ahead of Memorial Day and the summer driving season. <a href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-05-09/pipeline-hack-may-push-u-s-pump-prices-to-3-ahead-of-holiday?sref=TBDibEcD">Bloomberg</a> reports that U.S. gasoline prices may surge to their highest since 2014. The price of gasoline hit a $3 average in October 2014. On Friday, the national average stood at $2.96 a gallon.
Colonial Pipeline is a private company owned by CDPQ Colonial Partners, LP; IFM (US) Colonial Pipeline 2, LLC; KKR-Keats Pipeline Investors, LP; Koch Capital Investments Company, LLC; and Shell Midstream Operating, LLC, according to the company&#39;s website.
Publicly traded parent companies in that mix include private equity giant&nbsp;KKR &amp; Co&nbsp;(NYSE: <a class="ticker" href="https://www.benzinga.com/stock/kkr#NYSE">KKR</a>) and&nbsp;Royal Dutch Shell Plc&nbsp;(OTC: <a class="ticker" href="https://www.benzinga.com/stock/rydaf#OTC">RYDAF</a>)
Learn more about energy stocks and ETFs:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.benzinga.com/markets/commodities/21/04/20429522/dont-miss-these-energy-stocks-in-2021?utm_source=cityfalcon&amp;utm_medium=cityfalcon&amp;utm_campaign=cityfalcon" target="_blank">Don&#39;t Miss These Energy Stocks In 2021</a>.
Image by&nbsp;<a href="https://pixabay.com/users/loggawiggler-15/?utm_source=link-attribution&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_campaign=image&amp;utm_content=509871">LoggaWiggler</a>&nbsp;from&nbsp;<a href="https://pixabay.com/?utm_source=link-attribution&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_campaign=image&amp;utm_content=509871">Pixabay</a>.

Colonial Pipeline Hackers Stole Data on Thursday, Ahead Of Shutdown: Bloomberg

A cyberattack has forced Colonial Pipeline to halt operations of its 5,500 miles of pipeline, which transports approximately 45% of all fuel consumed on the East Coast.
What Happened:&nbsp;Colonial Pipeline, one of the largest pipeline operators in the U.S.,&nbsp;said in a&nbsp;<a href="https://www.colpipe.com/news/press-releases/media-statement-colonial-pipeline-system-disruption" target="_blank">statement</a>&nbsp;that it&nbsp;took certain systems offline on Friday and&nbsp;temporarily halted all pipeline operations, after learning that it was a victim of a cyberattack.
Colonial has engaged a third-party cybersecurity firm to launch an investigation, and federal authorities and law enforcement have also been contacted.&nbsp;
&quot;At this time, our primary focus is the safe and efficient restoration of our service and our efforts to return to normal operation. This process is already underway, and we are working diligently to address this matter and to minimize disruption to our customers and those who rely on Colonial Pipeline,&quot; the statement read.
It is the biggest gasoline pipeline in the U.S., and the disruption could affect supplies of both gasoline and diesel fuel, according to <a href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-05-08/u-s-s-biggest-gasoline-and-pipeline-halted-after-cyberattack?sref=TBDibEcD">Bloomberg</a>.&nbsp;
Bloomberg also reported that the attack has the hallmarks of a ransomware group called DarkSide, though Colonial has not confirmed this group was behind the attack.
Colonial Pipeline is a private company owned by CDPQ Colonial Partners, LP; IFM (US) Colonial Pipeline 2, LLC; KKR-Keats Pipeline Investors, LP; Koch Capital Investments Company, LLC; and Shell Midstream Operating, LLC, according to the company&#39;s website.
Publicly traded parent companies in that mix include private equity giant KKR &amp; Co (NYSE: <a class="ticker" href="https://www.benzinga.com/stock/kkr#NYSE">KKR</a>) and Royal Dutch Shell Plc (OTC: <a class="ticker" href="https://www.benzinga.com/stock/rydaf#OTC">RYDAF</a>).
Learn more about energy stocks and ETFs:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.benzinga.com/markets/commodities/21/04/20429522/dont-miss-these-energy-stocks-in-2021?utm_source=cityfalcon&amp;utm_medium=cityfalcon&amp;utm_campaign=cityfalcon">Don&#39;t Miss These Energy Stocks In 2021</a>
Why It Matters:&nbsp;Colonial transports approximately 45% of all fuel consumed by the East Coast. A shutdown could hit energy markets in the coming days.
The company&rsquo;s pipeline transports 2.5 million barrels each day, taking refined gasoline, diesel fuel&nbsp;and jet fuel from the Gulf Coast up to New York Harbor through 5,500 miles of pipelines.
The <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2021/05/08/us/cyberattack-colonial-pipeline.html">New York Times</a> reported that there has as of yet been little effect on fuel prices. Gasoline and diesel futures rose about 1 percent on the New York Mercantile Exchange on Friday, and prices at gas stations in New York State were up just a penny today.
&ldquo;It&rsquo;s a serious issue,&rdquo; NYT quoted Tom Kloza, analyst at Oil Price Information Service, as saying. &ldquo;It could snarl things up because it is the country&rsquo;s jugular aorta from moving fuel from the Gulf Coast up to New York.&rdquo;
The company also had to shut down its gasoline and distillate lines during Hurricane Harvey, which hit the Gulf Coast in 2017.
Colonial Pipeline isn&#39;t the sole supplier of fuel to the East Coast. In addition to fuel from local refineries and shipments from outside the country, there is the Plantation pipeline owned by Kinder Morgan Inc (NYSE: <a class="ticker" href="https://www.benzinga.com/stock/kmi#NYSE">KMI</a>) and Exxon Mobil Corporation (NYSE: <a class="ticker" href="https://www.benzinga.com/stock/xom#NYSE">XOM</a>), Bloomberg said.
Photo by&nbsp;<a href="https://unsplash.com/@m_creative_2020?utm_source=unsplash&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_content=creditCopyText">M Mitchell</a>&nbsp;on&nbsp;<a href="https://unsplash.com/s/photos/gas-station?utm_source=unsplash&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_content=creditCopyText">Unsplash</a>.
Story updated to add more details reported throughout the day.

Major Energy Pipeline To US East Coast Shut Down After Cyberattack

The following post was written and/or published as a collaboration between Benzinga&rsquo;s in-house sponsored content team and a financial partner of Benzinga.
With the world eager to get the COVID-19 pandemic under control, the search for both vaccines and treatments has become a priority.
The virus continues to wreak havoc around the world, affecting every aspect of life. Unemployment is sky-high, economies are teetering on depression, and the common fear of the disease delays the return to life as we once knew it.&nbsp;
That is why many different companies and ventures are helping to find a solution to the global health emergency. Yet, we will require a massive production of vaccines at a low cost to distribute it affordably on a global basis. Thus, this desperate need for faster, cheaper biologic production pushes governments to pursue solutions apart from the private sector.
Dyadic International, Inc. (NASDAQ: <a class="ticker" href="https://www.benzinga.com/stock/dyai#NASDAQ">DYAI</a>) is a commercially proven gene expression company that has its roots in industrial biotechnology. The U.S., the EU, Israel, and other countries, government organizations, pharmaceutical, and biotech companies are collaborating with the company to find a possible solution and develop both the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidates and treatment through monoclonal antibodies.&nbsp;
<h3>Dyadic&rsquo;s Gene Expression Systems</h3>
The COVID-19 pandemic has shed light on the pharmaceutical industry&rsquo;s needs, governments, and citizens to evaluate disruptions in the manufacturing of biologic vaccines and drugs. Here&rsquo;s where biotechnology such as Dyadic&rsquo;s C1 comes to play a key role in COVID-19&rsquo;s pharmaceutical response. &nbsp;
The company&rsquo;s C1 Gene Expression platform has been re-engineered and can be used to manufacture biologic vaccines and drugs for years to come at more cost-effective and rapid speeds. The company aims to respond to the need for a COVID-19 vaccine by driving the adoption of its C1 platform.
Dyadic discovered a unique and highly expressive fungal host through their work in developing a gene expression system for producing enzymes used for a variety of industrial uses including biofuels. These discoveries and improvements led the company&rsquo;s C1 Gene Expression Platform. Over the years, C1 has gained recognition in industrial biotechnology, winning business with customers and licensees such as Abengoa S.A. (NASDAQ: <a class="ticker" href="https://www.benzinga.com/stock/abgof#NASDAQ">ABGOF</a>), du Pont (NYSE: <a class="ticker" href="https://www.benzinga.com/stock/dd#NYSE">DD</a>), BASF&nbsp;SE (NASDAQ: <a class="ticker" href="https://www.benzinga.com/stock/bffaf#NASDAQ">BFFAF</a>), and Royal Dutch Shell Plc (NASDAQ: <a class="ticker" href="https://www.benzinga.com/stock/rydaf#NASDAQ">RYDAF</a>).&nbsp;
Over the past two decades, C1 technology has been developed into a next-generation protein expression. C1&rsquo;s ability to produce high-quality enzymes at high yields and purity made the C1 technology a well-regarded expression platform used in many industrial applications. All of this led to the sale of Dyadic&rsquo;s Industrial Biotechnology business to DuPont back in December 2015 for $75 million.
<h3>Dyadic And ZAPI: Research And Collaboration</h3>
Back in 2015, the EU funded the IMI Zoonotic Anticipation Preparedness Initiative (ZAPI). Through it, several well-known production platforms were extensively evaluated and only Dyadic&rsquo;s C1 gene expression platform was chosen as the ideal cell line that could rapidly produce difficult to express antigens at low costs and in large amounts to help protect against potential outbreaks. The company developed the SARS-CoV-2 RBD vaccine candidate in collaboration with the IIBR and three of the top coronavirus scientists from ZAPI.
Through this collaboration, which started earlier this year when the pandemic surfaced, a stable C1 cell line was rapidly generated. The results demonstrated that the C1 SARS-CoV-2 could be one of the most successful vaccine producers against COVID-19 since it enables rapid low-cost production of potentially billions of vaccine doses. Its C1 technology has been designed to be compatible with existing manufacturing facilities globally.&nbsp;
<h3>The Quest For A Solution</h3>
In addition to vaccines, C1 has the potential to produce monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) in high amounts more rapidly than using CHO (Chinese Hamster Ovaries) cells or other production methods. This allows for more rapid manufacturing of greater amounts of lower-cost mAbs to treat diseases including COVID-19.
European governments, Israel, and now the United States are all working with C1 to accelerate their vaccine development programs. Up to 10 global animal trials are to be completed by early Q1 of 2021 making it a total of 9 different parties using Dyadic&rsquo;s COVID-19 vaccine candidates. Samples have been sent to Frederick National Laboratories for their evaluation. A SARS-CoV-2 monoclonal antibody (mAb) in collaboration with IDBiologics Inc has been expressed. Dyadic is also in discussions with other parties to express additional COVID-19 mAbs, vaccines, and diagnostics proteins.&nbsp;
To learn more about Dyadic, <a href="https://www.dyadic.com/" target="_blank">click here</a>.
Photo by <a href="https://unsplash.com/@nci?utm_source=unsplash&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_content=creditCopyText">National Cancer Institute</a> on <a href="https://unsplash.com/s/photos/biotech?utm_source=unsplash&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_content=creditCopyText">Unsplash</a>
The preceding post was written and/or published as a collaboration between Benzinga&rsquo;s in-house sponsored content team and a financial partner of Benzinga. Although the piece is not and should not be construed as editorial content, the sponsored content team works to ensure that any and all information contained within is true and accurate to the best of their knowledge and research. This content is for informational purposes only and not intended to be investing advice.

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